7 Common Winter Foot Problems You Shouldn’t Ignore

Chilblains: Painful Cold-Induced Inflammation

Chilblains (also known as pernio) are red, itchy, often swollen patches that develop when skin is exposed to cold, damp conditions. They’re caused by a temporary malfunction in the small blood vessels, leading to inflammation and discomfort, especially on toes and fingers. Keep feet warm and gradually rewarm them after cold exposure to reduce the risk. Read more about preventing and overcoming chilblains here.

Dry, Cracked Heels and Skin

Winter’s low humidity and central heating can strip moisture from your skin, leaving it dry, flaky and prone to painful cracks, particularly around the heels. Without proper care, fissures can deepen and even become infected. Regular moisturising with a rich foot cream or balm can help maintain skin health throughout the winter months. Read more about preventing cracked heels here.

Frostbite: Severe Cold Injury

Most cases of frostbite affecting people from the UK occur abroad during mountaineering, winter sports, or prolonged extreme outdoor exposure. Frostbite is uncommon in the UK, as winter temperatures rarely reach levels that would cause tissue freezing.

Frostbite happens when skin and underlying tissues freeze due to prolonged exposure to very cold temperatures – typically lower than -10 C. Toes are especially vulnerable because blood flow reduces as the body prioritises warming vital organs.

Early warning signs include:

• Cold, numb, or tingling toes

• Pale, white, or bluish skin

• Skin that feels hard or waxy to the touch

• Reduced sensation or clumsiness when walking

As frostbite progresses, pain may develop during re-warming, and blisters or swelling can appear. If frostbite is suspected, seek urgent medical attention.

Raynaud’s Phenomenon & Poor Circulation

For some people, cold triggers exaggerated blood vessel constriction in the feet, known as Raynaud’s phenomenon. This causes toes to turn white or blue and feel numb or painful until warmth returns. Good insulation, avoiding rapid temperature changes and keeping feet dry can reduce episodes.

Athlete’s Foot and Fungal Infections

Even in winter, fungal infections like athlete’s foot and fungal toenails can flourish. Thick socks and enclosed shoes trap warmth and moisture, creating an ideal environment for fungi to thrive. Keep feet dry, change socks regularly and choose breathable footwear to minimise risk.

Trench Foot: Cold, Wet Exposure Risk

Trench foot (also called immersion foot) is a non-freezing cold injury caused by prolonged exposure to cold, damp conditions. Unlike frostbite, temperatures don’t need to drop below freezing. Symptoms start with tingling and itchiness and can progress to numbness, swelling and even skin breakdown if left untreated. Keeping feet dry is key to prevention. If you suspect trench foot, seek medical advice.

Ingrown Toenails and Blisters

Winter footwear that is too tight or doesn’t fit well can compress toes, contributing to ingrown toenails and painful blisters. These issues not only cause discomfort but can also lead to infection if ignored. Trimming nails straight across and choosing well-fitting shoes are simple ways to help prevent these problems. NHS England reported 3,890 cases of ingrown toenails presenting at A&E last winter. However, it is better all round to save A&E for emergencies, and contact a podiatrist for specialist treatment of ingrown toenails.

Protecting Your Feet This Winter

• Choose the right footwear: Insulated, waterproof boots with good room and traction can prevent cold injuries and slips.
• Moisturise daily: Target dry skin and cracked heels with rich creams or balms.
• Keep feet dry: Change wet socks promptly and pick moisture-wicking materials.
• Warm up gradually: Avoid sudden exposure to warmth after cold spells to reduce vascular stress.